The Sumba Hornbill (Rhyticeros everetti), a striking Asian bird belonging to the Rhyticeros genus in the Bucerotiformes order, resides within the Lesser Sunda Islands, particularly on the island of Sumba. Cloaked in its distinctive ebony plumage, the Sumba Hornbill stands as a remarkable testament to the endemic biodiversity of Indonesia.
With an approximate length of 55 cm, the Sumba Hornbill boasts a full black body, complete with a lengthy tail. The male’s head and neck are adorned with coarse feathers, exuding an aura of elegance. Notably, the bare skin surrounding the eyes and throat is a delicate shade of light blue, while the back features a dark patch at its center. A pale yellow beak, adorned with reddish-brown bumps near its base, complements the vibrant red eyes. Dark gray legs and feet ground the bird’s striking appearance.
Females share the same captivating ebony plumage on their bodies, heads, and necks, although they possess a slightly smaller physique compared to their male counterparts. The young, resembling adult males, sport a smaller bill without the iconic “horns.”
Endemic to the lush forests of the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Sumba Hornbill thrives in semi-evergreen and deciduous forests, as well as areas with fruit trees. This avian inhabitant is commonly found at lower elevations and can adapt to altitudes of up to 950 meters.
The Sumba Hornbill’s vocal repertoire typically comprises a brief “kokokokokok” sequence, reminiscent of hearty laughter. Additionally, it produces a short “erm-err” sound that contributes to its auditory presence.
Feasting primarily on fruit, especially figs rich in calcium, the Sumba Hornbill also dabbles in devouring large insects and earthworms. Notably, this bird employs long jumps using both legs, often congregating in pairs or small family groups.
Nightfall sees the formation of large flocks, with up to 70 individuals congregating at common roosting spots, demonstrating the bird’s social inclinations.
Monogamous by nature, the Sumba Hornbill nests within natural tree cavities, typically positioned 10 to 23 meters above ground level. The female employs a unique mixture of droppings, fruit, and feathers to plaster the nest’s mouth, leaving a small slit for food passage. The male diligently courts the female by providing food near the nest entrance. Following egg-laying, the female seals herself inside the nest while the male continues to supply both mother and offspring through a nest opening.
Despite facing the challenges of habitat loss, the Sumba Hornbill continues to endure as a testament to Indonesia’s rich biodiversity. Efforts to safeguard its habitat and raise awareness are crucial to ensuring the species’ survival.
While the Sumba Hornbill’s lifespan remains largely unknown, its existence echoes the intricate balance of Indonesia’s vibrant ecosystems, showcasing the remarkable interplay between species and their environment.
